An Effective Threat Detection Framework for Advanced Persistent Cyberattacks

Recently, with the normalization of non-face-to-face online environments in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the possibility of cyberattacks through endpoints has increased. Numerous endpoint devices are managed meticulously to prevent cyberattacks and ensure timely responses to potential security threats. In particular, because telecommuting, telemedicine, and tele-education are implemented in uncontrolled environments, attackers typically target vulnerable endpoints to acquire administrator rights or steal authentication information, and reports of endpoint attacks have been increasing considerably. Advanced persistent threats (APTs) using various novel variant malicious codes are a form of a sophisticated attack. However, conventional commercial antivirus and anti-malware systems that use signature-based attack detection methods cannot satisfactorily respond to such attacks. In this paper, we propose a method that expands the detection coverage in APT attack environments. In this model, an open-source threat detector and log collector are used synergistically to improve threat detection performance. Extending the scope of attack log collection through interworking between highly accessible open-source tools can efficiently increase the detection coverage of tactics and techniques used to deal with APT attacks, as defined by MITRE Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, and Common Knowledge (ATT&CK). We implemented an attack environment using an APT attack scenario emulator called Carbanak and analyzed the detection coverage of Google Rapid Response (GRR), an open-source threat detection tool, and Graylog, an open-source log collector. The proposed method expanded the detection coverage against MITRE ATT&CK by approximately 11% compared with that conventional methods. © 2023 Tech Science Press. All rights reserved.

The Digital Divide in Online Education: A Study of Underserved College Students

Access to technology is essential to educational success in today's digitized society, but disparities in access to technology can handicap students. This study examines to what extent this digital divide exists among underserved students in online instruction during COVID-19 and in their adoption of free Technology Loaner programs. Focusing on underserved students that are characterized by their generational status, minority background or low income, we predict that underserved college students will show lower levels of technology access and higher levels of free technology adoption than their counterparts. However, the quantitative analysis of survey data (n=258) collected from a U.S. minority-serving university provides mixed, surprising results. Follow-up analysis of qualitative data from 10 interviews offers us further insights and partial explanations for these unexpected results. Our study suggests that individual background should be considered in designing a policy to mitigate digital divide and enhance student learning in online education. © 2022 IEEE Computer Society. All rights reserved.

COVID-19 vaccinations and risk spillovers: Evidence from Asia-Pacific stock markets

This study investigates the impact of COVID-19 vaccinations on volatility (risk) spillovers among major Asia-Pacific stock markets. Utilizing both mean-based and quantile-based connectedness approaches, we examine the evolving patterns and network structure of risk spillovers not only on average but also in the extreme left and right tails. Risk spillovers are typically stronger under extreme shocks. A common regularity observed in the dynamics of standard (average) and extreme risk spillovers is that there are fewer risk spillovers after the launch of the COVID-19 vaccines. We also conduct a series of regression analyses to investigate the association between spillover levels and vaccination rates. The regression results support that an increase in vaccinations is associated with an decrease in standard risk spillovers. Besides, it is observed that vaccinations have an asymmetric impact on the extreme downside-tail and upside-tail risk spillovers. Further, panic sentiment is identified as a potential channel through which vaccinations affect spillovers. Our findings point to the role of COVID-19 vaccinations in stabilizing the Asia-Pacific stock markets by reducing risk spillovers. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

Characterizing Antibiotic Prescribing for Nursing Home Residents with SARS-CoV-2 Infection, April 2020-November 2021

Background. Increased prescribing of antibiotics commonly used for respiratory infections, including azithromycin, ceftriaxone, and doxycycline was observed in nursing homes (NH) during the COVID-19 pandemic however antibiotic prescribing was not linked to resident diagnosis. Therefore, our objective was to characterize antibiotic prescribing in residents with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large cohort of US NHs. Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using PointClickCare (PCC) data containing longitudinal NH electronic health records. We included 4,891 NHs that reported >=1 medication order/month from April 2020-November 2021. We identified the first onset of SARS-CoV-2 infection using ICD-10-CM diagnosis code U07.1. To validate the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per facility captured in PCC, we compared the total number of SARS-CoV-2 infections documented in PCC to those reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). Antibiotic orders were determined to be associated with a SARS-CoV-2 infection if 3 days before or <=7 days after diagnosis. We characterized the proportion of residents with a SARS-CoV-2 infection with an associated antibiotic by month. Results. We included 2,086 (43%) NHs that had <=20% difference in total number of SARS-CoV-2 infections documented in PCC and reported to NHSN. From April 2020-November 2021, a total of 118,180 residents with a SARS-CoV-2 infection were identified and 24% had an associated antibiotic prescription (N=27,972). The highest prescription rate (30%, 95% Confidence Interval [29%-31%]) was observed in April 2020 and varied by less than 8% from May 2020-November 2021 (Fig.1). The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were azithromycin (53%), doxycycline (13%) and ceftriaxone (10%). Conclusion. An antibiotic prescription was linked to up to a quarter of NH residents with SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting potential opportunities for avoiding unnecessary antibiotic prescribing for viral infections in NHs. Appropriate antibiotic prescribing in NH populations is important to reduce potential harm when antibiotics offer no treatment benefit to the resident. Identifying facility-level characteristics that lead to variability in antibiotic prescribing is a next step to inform antibiotic stewardship interventions.

COMMUNITY-ENGAGED STRATEGIES FOR RECRUITMENT OF ASIAN AMERICAN OLDER ADULTS

Asian Americans one of the fastest growing older adult populations in the U.S., and are emerging as a high-need, lower-income population. Inclusion of Asian Americans in research is critical given anti-Asian rhetoric and hate crimes targeting Asian American older adults and because Asian Americans are the fastest growing racial/ethnic group in the U.S. We focus on recruitment strategies used during the implementation of 11 primary collection data efforts, including national and regional community health resources and needs assessment surveys, launched during the COVID-19 pandemic (starting May 2020). Unique recruitment challenges included the heterogeneity of language, culture, and sociodemographic characteristics of participants, digital literacy, and survey fatigue. Effective recruitment facilitators included: prioritizing community engagement at all research stages;aligning the research purpose with community priorities;recruitment through community-based organizations and bilingual community health workers;translating survey instruments;and regularly scheduled meetings with community-based organizations to discuss the survey progress.

Moxibustion for COVID-19: a systematic scoping review

Moxibustion has been widely used in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. However, there is no systematic review of current topics and clinical findings on moxibustion for COVID-19. We conducted this scoping review to systematically summarize and analyze the themes and findings of published articles, and to provide an overview of current knowledge and practice of moxibustion for COVID-19.Methods:: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, SinoMed, Wan Fang Data, and VIP databases were searched from inception until April 2022. The relevant data were presented through bar graphs, structured tables, and figures along with descriptive statistics and analysis. This scoping review was conducted based on the PRISMA-ScR Checklist. Results:: A total of 76 articles were reviewed: 47 reviews, 19 clinical research studies, seven systematic reviews (all were protocols), and three guidelines. All the studies were conducted by Chinese researchers and published from January 1, 2020 to March 14, 2022. The feasibility of moxibustion in the prevention and treatment of mild or moderate COVID-19 is based on the consensus of therapeutic mechanisms and effectiveness. The most adopted approach was the suspended and gentle moxibustion, and the most frequently applied or recommended acupoints were found to be ST36, CV8, CV6, CV4, CV12, GV14, BL13, LI4, ST25, and LR3. Conclusions:: As a convenient and safe traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy with its specific feature, moxibustion has been significantly effective at ameliorating mild or moderate symptoms among COVID-19 patients. Further large-scale, well-designed research and international cooperation are still warranted in clinical evaluations of moxibustion. Graphical :: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A35.

Plasmapheresis and Rituximab for Prevention of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Recurrence Post-Kidney Transplantation

Purpose: Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) recurs after kidney transplantation (KT) in 30-50% of recipients with a median time of 1.5 months post- KT. Recurrence is associated with early graft loss in 60% of cases. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of pre-emptive therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and rituximab for the prevention of FSGS recurrence post-KT. Method(s): This single-center, retrospective study included patients receiving KT for primary FSGS between May 2016 and August 2021. Living-donor KT recipients received three sessions of TPE prior to scheduled transplant. Recipients of both living and deceased donor KT received 3 postoperative sessions of TPE followed by one dose of 375 mg/m2 rituximab with or without intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) 0.5 g/kg. Recipients underwent protocol biopsy at one month to screen for FSGS recurrence. The primary endpoint was a composite for disease recurrence including proteinuria (>=1 g/day) or/and biopsy-proven FSGS within one month. Result(s): 54 patients received KT for FSGS during the study period using the TPE/ rituximab protocol. 5 patients (9%) experienced FSGS recurrence within one month of transplant. A total of 10 patients (19%) were found to have disease recurrence within a year, with median (IQR) time to recurrence of 37 days (27-66). White race and history of hypertension were independent risk factors for recurrence, whereas African American race and diabetes were associated with a reduced risk of recurrence. 31 patients (57%) also received IVIG prior to discharge due to concerns for hypogammaglobulinemia. There were 18 documented infections in 13 patients (24%) within 3 months of transplant. Patients who received IVIG had significantly fewer cases of infection (3 cases: 1 viral and 2 COVID-19) compared to patients who did not receive IVIG (15 cases: 4 bacterial, 9 viral, 1 fungal, and 1 COVID-19), p<0.001. At one year, 9 patients (19%) had biopsy-proven rejection (5 acute cellular rejection, 1 antibody-mediated rejection, and 3 mixed rejection). There were no instances of graft loss or mortality observed at one year. Conclusion(s): The utilization of plasma exchange and rituximab may prevent early disease recurrence of FSGS without significant rates of infection, graft loss, or mortality.

Multicenter Effort Assessing the Effects of COVID Infection and Vaccination on HLA Antibodies in Waitlisted Patients with ESRD

Purpose: Although rare, infection and vaccination have been reported to result in human leukocyte antibodies (HLA). We analyzed the effect of SARS-CoV2 infection, or COVID-19 vaccination on HLA antibodies. Method(s): Multicenter study of waitlisted renal transplant patients (pts) either infected with SARS-CoV2, or fully vaccinated against it with single antigen testing within 3 months prior, and 3 months after. Demographics and infection/vaccination details were collected. If the calculated panel reactive antibody (cPRA) changed specificities were collected. Pts with cPRA change were adjudicated by each center's HLA laboratory director and coordinating center's lab director. Result(s): Data from 5 centers, 409 pts with single antigen testing before and after infection or vaccination was analyzed. 282 pts had an initial cPRA of 0%, and 72 had an initial cPRA>80%. 30 pts (7.0%) had a change in cPRA, 17 (3.9%) had an increase and 13 (3.0%) a decrease. After adjudication no pts with a clinically significant HLA antibody specificity increase were identified. The differences have been largely influenced by one or two specificities with subtle fluctuations around the borderline of the participating centers' mean fluorescence intensity cutoff for unacceptable antigen listing. Conclusion(s): To date, no clinically significant change in cPRA was seen in pts who were infected with SARS-CoV2 and recovered, nor pts fully vaccinated against COVID-19. This has implications for crossmatching at the time of organ offer after SARS-CoV2 infection or vaccination. Also, vaccination appears to be safe for waitlisted pts, even if they are sensitized. (Figure Presented).

ELEVATED HAIR CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS IN YOUTH DURING THE PANDEMIC

The COVID-19 pandemic has elicited increases in stress, anxiety and depression, as evidenced in large samples of adults (Ettman et al., 2020;Jia et al., 2020). In youth, mental health symptoms also appear elevated compared to pre-pandemic norms (Glynn et al., 2021, Hawke et al., 2020). While children's mental health symptoms appear to be increasing during the pandemic, many studies implement cross-sectional, rather than longitudinal designs. Therefore, less is known about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth's stress and within-person changes over time. In addition, studying stress biomarkers such as hair cortisol can inform about the impact that the current pandemic and resulting changes to daily life have on youth's stress physiology. To our knowledge, only one previous study examined hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) in children during the pandemic, and found that more negative changes to family life predicted greater HCC in 4-5-year-old children relative to pre-pandemic HCC (Hastings et al., 2021). The present study utilized hair cortisol data collected pre-pandemic (2017-2020) and re-contacted participants to participate in a follow-up study during the pandemic (October 2020 - March 2021). Participants (N = 86, 61.7% female) included youth ages 10-13 (M = 11.41, SD = .95) who had provided hair samples in the original study and agreed to provide a second hair sample during the pandemic. Parents collected hair samples from youth while guided by experimenters via Zoom and mailed the samples to our laboratory. Parents and youth also completed questionnaires regarding the impact of the pandemic on their lives, including the Covid-19 Adolescent Symptom & Psychological Experience Questionnaire. The Child Life Events and Perceived Stress Scales were administered both before and during the pandemic. Initial paired samples t-tests revealed a significant increase in hair cortisol from pre-pandemic to post-pandemic, t(79) = 3.305, p = .001, and increases in youth self-reported perceived stress, t(84) = 7.15, p < .0001. Conference analyses will include comparing post-pandemic HCC in this sample to another age-matched pre-pandemic comparison group to account for any age-related differences. The present study illustrates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's long-term cortisol output using a within-person design.

Research on ARS-CNN algorithm in the identification of COVID-19

With the spread of new coronary pneumonia, in order to accurately diagnose COVID-19, this article proposes an improved new coronary pneumonia recognition algorithm based on convolutional neural network, namely the ARS-CNN algorithm. Based on the CNN network structure, this algorithm adds new functional modules. Firstly, in order to capture the multi-scale feature information of different receptive fields and strengthen the network's use of image features, a jump connection RFB structure is proposed. Secondly, the problem of local information loss caused by the reduction of image resolution during the feature extraction process of the network is improved by short-connecting the aspp module. Finally, the attention mechanism GC module and the sSE module are merged to achieve the screening of feature information and the interaction between feature information, thereby improving the accuracy of new coronary pneumonia recognition. Experiments on the public COVID-19 Chest X-ray Database data set show that the weighted average accuracy, precision, recall, FI score, and specificity of the algorithm proposed in this article are 98.22%, 97.91%, 97.95%, 97.92%, 98.33%, respectively. Compared with other classification algorithms, the algorithm proposed in this paper can efficiently recognize lung diseases and has higher recognition performance.

The application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analyses of cohort studies

Objective To systematically review the application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMbase, CBM, WanFang Data and CNKI databases were searched for studies on ECMO for COVID-19 from December 1st, 2019 to December 31st, 2020. Two researchers independently screened literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of 24 studies were included, involving 1 576 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients with COVID-19. The overall mortality of patients was 27.3% (430/1 576). The rate of ECMO treatment was 4.68% (379/1 576), and the survival rate was 69.4% (263/379). The mean duration of mechanical ventilation prior to ECMO treatment for ARDS patients ranged from 2.07±0.40 to 15.89±13.0 days, compared with 1.64±0.78 days and 29.9±3.60 days for ECMO treatment. Of the 11 studies included in the meta-analysis, 84.0% (405/482) patients with ARDS received conventional treatment with COVID-19, and 16.0% (77/482) received ECMO treatment on the basis of conventional treatment with ARDS. Results of meta-analysis showed that there was statistically significant difference in the survival rate of ARDS patients with COVID-19 treated with conventional therapy combined with ECMO or with conventional therapy alone (RR=1.27, 95%CI 1.00 to 1.62, P=0.05). Conclusions This study suggests that the survival rate of COVID-19 patients after ECMO treatment has a tendency to improve. Due to the limitation of quantity and quality of included studies, the above conclusions are needed to be verified by more high-quality studies.

Nosocomial covid-19 among hospitalized solid organ transplant recipients

Purpose: This study aimed to identify probable cases of nosocomial Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among hospitalized solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Methods: All hospitalized SOT recipients diagnosed with COVID-19 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from March 11, 2020 to August 24, 2020 were evaluated. Potential nosocomial cases included admissions where the first positive PCR occurred on hospital day 3 or later (intra-admission) or within 14 days of a previous hospital discharge (inter-admission). Two infectious disease specialists independently adjudicated all potential cases into four categories (definitely community-acquired, likely community-acquired, likely hospital-acquired, and definitely hospital-acquired) using systematic chart review of symptom onset, radiographic findings, and community risk factors. Discrepancies were resolved by a third investigator. Results: Of 132 hospitalized SOT recipients diagnosed with COVID-19, nosocomial infections were apparent in 19 (14%;Figure 1). Intra-admission cases (n=11, 4 likely hospital-acquired and 7 definitely hospital-acquired) were diagnosed a median (IQR) of 43 (8 to 53) days after admission. Inter-admission cases (n=8, all likely hospitalacquired) had 5 (3 to 10) days of hospital care in the 14 days preceding diagnosis. The proportion of COVID-19 infections classified as nosocomial varied by time from most recent transplant until diagnosis (P<0.001) and transplant type (P<0.001;Table 1). Probable nosocomial infections peaked in June and gradually declined. Conclusions: Despite infection control measures to sequester SOT recipients and their nurses on dedicated transplant floors and provide patients and healthcare workers with screening, COVID-19 may have been acquired during healthcare interactions in 14% of hospitalized SOT recipients diagnosed with COVID-19. Vaccination against COVID-19 for front-line healthcare workers is important for protection of SOT recipients.

Propensity matched analysis of death and non-favorable discharge among hospitalized transplant recipients with covid-19

Purpose: This study compared death and non-favorable discharge following a hospital admission for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) management for patients with a history of solid organ transplant (SOT) vs without (control). Methods: All non-pregnant adults who tested positive with symptomatic or asymptomatic COVID-19 and were admitted at a multihospital health-system from March 17, 2020 through August 24, 2020 were eligible for the study. Patients were excluded if their first positive COVID-19 test occurred >7 days before admission (potentially resolved) or >7 days after admission (potentially nosocomial). Patients not taking immunosuppression immediately prior to COVID-19 diagnosis were excluded from the SOT group. Outcomes included death at 60 days after admission and non-favorable discharge (death or hospice). To adjust for confounding due to differences in baseline demographics, a propensity score was calculated using age, sex, race, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, underlying liver disease, month of hospital admission, and area deprivation index (a surrogate for socioeconomic status). The matched cohort was generated using 1:1 nearest neighbor matching without replacement. Outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression that accounted for matching. Results: Among 4,562 included patients (108 SOT recipients and 4,454 controls), 60-day death occurred in 17% SOT vs 10% control (P=0.033) and non-favorable discharge in 18% SOT vs 9% control (P=0.004). Among 214 matched patients (107 SOT recipients, 107 controls), 60-day death occurred in 17% SOT vs 9% control (OR=2.0, 95%CI=0.9 to 4.4, P=0.106) and non-favorable discharge in 18% SOT vs 9% control (OR=2.1, 95%CI=1.0 to 4.6, P=0.063). As expected, propensity matching reduced confounding due to differences in baseline characteristics (Table 1). Transplanted organs included kidney (n=64), liver (n=13), lung (n=12), history of >1 organ (n=13), and heart (n=5). Conclusions: Recipients of SOT had a greater risk of 60-day death and non-favorable discharge among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 using unadjusted analysis. Preliminary data from the propensity matched analysis reported similar magnitudes of association but did not find statistical significance. A larger study may be needed to clarify whether immune-suppressed SOT recipients have greater risk of death or non-favorable discharge from COVID-19. (Table Presented) .

Trends and disparities in diabetes among adults in the United States, 1999-2018

Introduction: Diabetes (DM) increases cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality and the risk of severe complications/death among patients with COVID-19. We aimed to estimate the trends of DM over time among adults in the US. Hypothesis: We anticipated an increase in DM and persistent disparities by racial/ethnic and socioecnomic subgroups from 1999 to 2018. Methods: Data were from a nationally representative sample of US adults (≥20 years;NHANES 1999-2018). Diagnosed DM was defined as a self-reported previous diagnosis of DM by a physician or any other health professionals (other than during pregnancy). Undiagnosed DM was defined as elevated levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG≥126 mg/dL) or HbA1c (≥6.5%). Total DM included those who had either diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes. Prediabetes was defined as no DM but a HbA1c level of 5.7%-6.4% or an FPG level of 100 mg/dL-125 mg/dL. All estimates were agest and ardized to the 2010 US census population for age groups 20-44, 45-64, and 65+ years. All analyses accounted for the complex survey design. Logistic regressions were conducted to calculate a P-value for trend. Results: Our sample included 53,533 US adults. From 1999 to 2018, the age-adjusted prevalence of total DM increased significantly from 9.05% (95% CI, 7.80%-10.2%) to 13.9% (95% CI,12.5%-15.4%) and the prevalence of prediabetes increased from 22.5% (20%-25.2%) to 40.2%(37.4%-43.1%) (P-trends<0.001). The rate of increase in prevalence was higher among MexicanAmericans but lower among non-Hispanic black individuals compared to non-Hispanic whiteindividuals (all P-trends<0.01, P-interaction=0.003). Trends in total DM by education and incomelevels were similar to the overall trend but disparities persisted between low-and high-socioeconomic groups (all P-trends<0.001, P-interaction>0.05) ( Figure 1 ). Conclusions: The prevalence of DM increased significantly from 1999 to 2018 among US adults.There are substantial and persistent disparities between racial/ethnic and socioeconomic subgroups.

Clinical course and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with hypertension

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now still an emerging, evolving pandemic, causing more than 64 million people infected. Hypertension, a common cardiovascular condition, has been reported as a risk factor for higher mortality. In order to a better management, it is necessary to know the clinical course and identify the factors associated with clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients with hypertension.Methods and results: A total of 148 COVID-19 cases who had pre-existing hypertension with clarified outcomes (discharge or deceased) were included in this study. Medical history, clinical manifestation, epidemiological, and laboratory data were analyzed. 45 (30.4%) patients had died during hospitalization, multivariate COX regression analysis revealed some predicted factors at admission for in-hospital death including elevated level of hs-cTn (HR: 3.98, 95% CI:1.95-8.16) and IL-6 (HR: 3.31, 95% CI: 1.42-7.72). Patients with uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) (n = 52) which were defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg for more than once (≥ 2 times) during hospitalization, were more likely to have ICU admission (P=0.037), invasive mechanical ventilation(P=0.028), and renal injury(P=0.005). With a stricter criterion which was defined as systolic BP ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 80 mmHg for more than once (≥ 2 times) during hospitalization, 105 (70.9%) patients with uncontrolled BP had higher mortality rate (P=0.046). In our study, there were 35 (23.6%) patients taking renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) suppressor including angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) and spironolactone. Patients with these RAAS suppressors treatment were less likely to be admitted to ICU (P = 0.048). And treatment with RAAS suppressors didn't have an obvious influence in mortality.Conclusion: Among COVID-19 patients with hypertension, elevated hs-cTn and IL-6 at admission were associated with higher mortality, suggesting that they could possibly be used as predictors for fatal outcomes. Blood pressure control with a stricter criterion of less than 130/80mmHg during hospitalization is associated with better prognosis. And treatment with RAAS suppressors didn't not contribute to a higher mortality.

Post Corona Society: How to Teach People be Social Again

It is obvious that the world will be different after the Coronavirus quarantine and all the emotional issues connected with it go down and people get the opportunity to be back to «ordinary life». The process take place in China now (the country faced the social phenomena of universal quarantine and self-isolation) can show the world what problems we are to have after the world opens. Today China stimulates its people to become social again through educational work, money motivation, apply to traditions and other regulations. A long stay at home and a large amount of emotional information obtained from various media have formed new behavioral and psychological stereotypes. In particular, they also influenced people's perception of other people and society in general. The article aims not only to analyze die world may face when go out of the quarantine and self-isolation period of Coronavirus disaster, but also to recommend some steps cant be taken to level negative social consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Postmodern Openings / Deschideri Postmoderne is the property of Lumen Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Viral Load Dynamics in Sputum and Nasopharyngeal Swab in Patients with COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Nasopharyngeal swabs and sputum samples are generally collected for serial viral load screening of respiratory contagions, but temporal profiles of these samples are not completely clear in patients with COVID-19. We performed an observational cohort study at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, which involved 31 patients with confirmed COVID-19 with or without underlying diseases. We obtained samples from each patient, and serial viral load was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We found that the viral load in the sputum was inclined to be higher than samples obtained from the nasopharyngeal swab at disease presentation. Moreover, the viral load in the sputum decreased more slowly over time than in the nasopharyngeal group as the disease progressed. Interestingly, even when samples in the nasopharyngeal swab turned negative, it was commonly observed that patients with underlying diseases, especially hypertension and diabetes, remained positive for COVID-19 and required a longer period for the sputum samples to turn negative. These combined findings emphasize the importance of tracking sputum samples even in patients with negative tests from nasopharyngeal swabs, especially for those with underlying conditions. In conclusion, this work reinforces the importance of sputum samples for SARS-CoV-2 detection to minimize transmission of COVID-19 within the community.

Enhancing departmental preparedness for COVID-19 using rapid-cycle in-situ simulation.

In response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a rapid-cycle in-situ simulation (ISS) programme was developed to facilitate identification and resolution of systems-based latent safety threats. The simulation involved a possible COVID-19 case in respiratory failure, using a mannequin modified to aerosolize phosphorescent secretions. Thirty-six individuals participated in five ISS sessions over 6 weeks, and a further 20 individuals observed these sessions. Debriefing identified latent safety threats from four domains: personnel, personal protective equipment, supply/environment and communication. These threats were addressed and resolved in later iterations. Ninety-four percent of participants felt more prepared to care for a potential case of COVID-19 after the ISS.